The basics of music theory can be explained relatively easily using the circle of fourths, making it a valuable practice to commit to memory. It also shows which key signatures are closely related, meaning they are easy to transition in and out of if necessary. In other words, you can use it to learn which notes to turn into sharps or flats for any key. The circle of fourths is a diagram showing you how many sharps or flats there are in each key. Of course, there are songs that cycle through different keys, and there is also atonal music, which may have been written for a specific key, but it’s so all over the place that you can’t tell what key it’s supposed to be in. Since music is always played in one of the 12 keys, it’s important that you understand how each key differs. If you used all 12 notes to construct a scale, you would merely have what’s called a chromatic scale, which is sometimes used in music, but isn’t in any key signature specifically. These diatonic scales are connected to the chords that belong in each of these keys too. These 12 keys each contain seven notes in the form of a diatonic scale. There are 12 notes in music and therefore 12 key signatures, each with a varying number of sharps and flats. The circle of fourths is the clock of music, showing the relationship between the 12 key signatures.
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